Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure projects such as buildings, roads, bridges, and water supply systems. Civil engineers work to ensure that these structures are safe, efficient, and environmentally sustainable. They use principles of physics, mathematics, and materials science to plan, design, and oversee construction projects. Civil engineering also encompasses areas such as geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, structural engineering, and environmental engineering. Research in civil engineering often seeks to improve construction techniques, develop new materials, and find innovative solutions to infrastructure challenges facing society.